Phenotypes associated with the disease Lissencephaly due to TUBA1A mutation (ORPHA:171680):
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Microretrognathia (HP:0000308): A form of developmental hypoplasia of the mandible in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (HP:0001320): Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Lissencephaly (HP:0001339): A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (HP:0002069): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (HP:0002079): Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Dilated fourth ventricle (HP:0002198): An abnormal dilatation of the fourth cerebral ventricle. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Hypoplasia of the brainstem (HP:0002365): Underdevelopment of the brainstem. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Dysgenesis of the hippocampus (HP:0025101): Structural abnormality of the hippocampus related to defective development. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Hypoplastic anterior limbs of the internal capsule (HP:0034051): Underdevelopment of the frontal part (anterior crus or anterior limb) of the internal capsule. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:171680)
- Optic nerve hypoplasia (HP:0000609): Underdevelopment of the optic nerve. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Pachygyria (HP:0001302): Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (HP:0001338): A partial failure of the development of the corpus callosum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Polymicrogyria (HP:0002126): Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Dysplastic corpus callosum (HP:0006989): Dysplasia and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum are nonspecific descriptions that imply defective development of the corpus callosum. The term dysplasia is applied when the morphology of the corpus callosum is altered as a congenital trait. For instance, the corpus callosum may be hump-shaped, kinked, or a striped corpus callosum that lacks an anatomically distinct genu and splenium. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Focal-onset seizure (HP:0007359): A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Infantile spasms (HP:0012469): Infantile spasms represent a subset of "epileptic spasms". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Perisylvian polymicrogyria (HP:0012650): Polymicrogyria (an excessive number of small gyri or convolutions) that is maximal in perisylvian regions (the regions that surround the Sylvian fissures), which may be symmetric or asymmetric and may extend beyond perisylvian regions. The Sylvian fissures often extend posteriorly and superiorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Hypoplastic hippocampus (HP:0025517): Underdevelopment of the hippocampus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Agyria (HP:0031882): A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by lack of gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex. Agyria is defined as cortical regions lacking gyration with sulci great than 3 cm apart and cerebral cortex thicker than 5 mm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:171680)
- Aganglionic megacolon (HP:0002251): An abnormality resulting from a lack of intestinal ganglion cells (i.e., an aganglionic section of bowel) that results in bowel obstruction with enlargement of the colon. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:171680)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:171680)
- Ventriculomegaly (HP:0002119): An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:171680)
- Dysgenesis of the basal ganglia (HP:0025102): Structural abnormality of the basal ganglia related to defective development. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:171680)