- Narrow mouth (HP:0000160): Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Cleft palate (HP:0000175): Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Submucous cleft hard palate (HP:0000176): Hard-palate submucous clefts are characterized by bony defects in the midline of the bony palate that are covered by the mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth. It may be possible to detect a submucous cleft hard palate upon palpation as a notch in the bony palate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Bifid uvula (HP:0000193): Uvula separated into two parts most easily seen at the tip. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Retrognathia (HP:0000278): An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Mask-like facies (HP:0000298): A lack of facial expression often with staring eyes and a slightly open mouth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Ptosis (HP:0000508): The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Blepharophimosis (HP:0000581): A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Arachnodactyly (HP:0001166): Abnormally long and slender fingers (spider fingers). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Specific learning disability (HP:0001328): Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Joint stiffness (HP:0001387): Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the skeletal musculature (HP:0001460): Absence or underdevelopment of the musculature. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Growth delay (HP:0001510): A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (HP:0002804): Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Radioulnar synostosis (HP:0002974): An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Skeletal muscle atrophy (HP:0003202): The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Severe short stature (HP:0003510): A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Muscular dystrophy (HP:0003560): The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, defects in muscle proteins, and histological features of muscle fiber degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration. If possible, it is preferred to use other HPO terms to describe the precise phenotypic abnormalities. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Feeding difficulties (HP:0011968): Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Short palpebral fissure (HP:0012745): Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:2461)
- Pectus excavatum (HP:0000767): A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Pectus carinatum (HP:0000768): A deformity of the chest caused by overgrowth of the ribs and characterized by protrusion of the sternum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Intrauterine growth retardation (HP:0001511): An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Camptodactyly of finger (HP:0100490): The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:2461)
- Multicystic kidney dysplasia (HP:0000003): Multicystic dysplasia of the kidney is characterized by multiple cysts of varying size in the kidney and the absence of a normal pelvicaliceal system. The condition is associated with ureteral or ureteropelvic atresia, and the affected kidney is nonfunctional. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormal penis morphology (HP:0000036): Abnormality of the male external sex organ. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Epispadias (HP:0000039): Epispadias is a urogenital malformation characterized by the failure of the urethral tube to tubularize on the dorsal aspect. Unlike in hypospadias, where the meatus is on the ventral aspect, children with epispadias have a wide-open urethral plate on the dorsum. It is commonly seen as a component in the spectrum of bladder exstrophy-epispadias-complex. Isolated epispadias constitutes less than 10 percent of the total cases of epispadias. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Hypospadias (HP:0000047): Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Hydroureter (HP:0000072): The distention of the ureter with urine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormality of the kidney (HP:0000077): An abnormality of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormality of the urinary system (HP:0000079): An abnormality of the urinary system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Renal agenesis (HP:0000104): Agenesis, that is, failure of the kidney to develop during embryogenesis and development. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Renal dysplasia (HP:0000110): The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Hydronephrosis (HP:0000126): Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Hydrocephalus (HP:0000238): Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Cerebellar hypoplasia (HP:0001321): Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Absent septum pellucidum (HP:0001331): Absence of the septum pellucidum (meaning translucent wall in Latin - SP), also known as the ventricle of Sylvius. The septum pellucidum is a thin, triangular double membrane separating the frontal horns of the right and left lateral ventricles of the brain. It extends between the anterior portion of the corpus callosum, and the body of the fornix and its width varies from 1.5 to 3.0 mm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Dextrocardia (HP:0001651): The heart is located in the right hand sided hemithorax. That is, there is a left-right reversal (or "mirror reflection") of the anatomical location of the heart in which the heart is locate on the right side instead of the left. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Situs inversus totalis (HP:0001696): A left-right reversal (or mirror reflection) of the anatomical location of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Metatarsus adductus (HP:0001840): The metatarsals are deviated medially (tibially), that is, the bones in the front half of the foot bend or turn in toward the body. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Talipes (HP:0001883): A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Pyloric stenosis (HP:0002021): Pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is an uncommon condition in infants characterized by abnormal thickening of the pylorus muscles in the stomach leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Clinically infants are well at birth. Then, at 3 to 6 weeks of age, the infants present with projectile vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and weight loss. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormal cerebellar vermis morphology (HP:0002334): An anomaly of the vermis of cerebellum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormal vertebral body morphology (HP:0003312): Abnormal form of vertebral body, which is the central cylindrical portion of the vertebra that together with other structures such as the vertebral arch, pedicles, laminae, spinous process, transverse processes, and articular facets makes up a vertebra. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormal anatomic location of the heart (HP:0004307): Developmental defect characterized by an anomalous anatomic location of the heart. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Renal hypoplasia/aplasia (HP:0008678): Absence or underdevelopment of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormality of the upper urinary tract (HP:0010935): An abnormality of the upper urinary tract. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
- Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology (HP:0030680): Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:2461)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease Marden-Walker syndrome (ORPHA:2461).