- High palate (HP:0000218): Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Trigonocephaly (HP:0000243): Wedge-shaped, or triangular head, with the apex of the triangle at the midline of the forehead and the base of the triangle at the occiput. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Brachycephaly (HP:0000248): An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Malar flattening (HP:0000272): Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Long philtrum (HP:0000343): Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Anteverted nares (HP:0000463): Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Webbed neck (HP:0000465): Pterygium colli is a congenital skin fold that runs along the sides of the neck down to the shoulders. It involves an ectopic fibrotic facial band superficial to the trapezius muscle. Excess hair-bearing skin is also present and extends down the cervical region well beyond the normal hairline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Short neck (HP:0000470): Diminished length of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Blepharophimosis (HP:0000581): A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Thin nail (HP:0001816): Nail that appears thin when viewed on end. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Low posterior hairline (HP:0002162): Hair on the neck extends more inferiorly than usual. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Depressed nasal bridge (HP:0005280): Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Wide intermamillary distance (HP:0006610): A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormal dermatoglyphics (HP:0007477): An abnormality of dermatoglyphs (fingerprints), which are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Microtia (HP:0008551): Underdevelopment of the external ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Proximal placement of thumb (HP:0009623): Proximal mislocalization of the thumb. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormal antihelix morphology (HP:0009738): An abnormality of the antihelix. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Anotia (HP:0009892): Complete absence of any auricular structures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:261112)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Hypospadias (HP:0000047): Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Ambiguous genitalia (HP:0000062): A genital phenotype that is not clearly assignable to a single gender. Ambiguous genitalia can be evaluated using the Prader scale: Prader 0: Normal female external genitalia. Prader 1: Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly. Prader 2: Clitoromegaly with partial labial fusion forming a funnel-shaped urogenital sinus. Prader 3: Increased phallic enlargement. Complete labioscrotal fusion forming a urogenital sinus with a single opening. Prader 4: Complete scrotal fusion with urogenital opening at the base or on the shaft of the phallus. Prader 5: Normal male external genitalia. The diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia is made for Prader 1-4. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Narrow mouth (HP:0000160): Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormality of the dentition (HP:0000164): Any abnormality of the teeth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Thick eyebrow (HP:0000574): Increased density/number and/or increased diameter of eyebrow hairs. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Upslanted palpebral fissure (HP:0000582): The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Synophrys (HP:0000664): Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Hypertonia (HP:0001276): A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Limitation of joint mobility (HP:0001376): A reduction in the freedom of movement of one or more joints. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormality of the tarsal bones (HP:0001850): An abnormality of the tarsus are the cluster of seven bones in the foot between the tibia and fibula and the metatarsus, including the calcaneus (heel) bone and the talus (ankle) bone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Highly arched eyebrow (HP:0002553): Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Short nose (HP:0003196): Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:261112)
- Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (HP:0000074): Blockage of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Cleft palate (HP:0000175): Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Atresia of the external auditory canal (HP:0000413): Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Choanal atresia (HP:0000453): Absence or abnormal closure of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture). Most embryologists believe that posterior choanal atresia results from a failure of rupture between the 35th and 38th day of fetal life of the partition which separates the bucconasal or buccopharyngeal membranes. The resultant choanal atresia may be unilateral or bilateral, bony or membranous, complete or incomplete. In over 90 per cent of cases the obstruction is bony, while in the remainder it is membranous. The bony type of atresia is commonly located 1-2 mm. anterior to the posterior edge of the hard palate, and the osseous septum varies in thickness from 1 to 10 mm. In the membranous form of choanal atresia the obstruction usually occurs further posteriorly. In approximately one third of cases the atresia is bilateral. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Downslanted palpebral fissures (HP:0000494): The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Microphthalmia (HP:0000568): A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormal rib morphology (HP:0000772): An anomaly of the rib. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (HP:0000776): The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormality of the vertebral column (HP:0000925): Any abnormality of the vertebral column. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Postaxial hand polydactyly (HP:0001162): Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Calvarial skull defect (HP:0001362): A localized defect in the bone of the skull resulting from abnormal embryological development. The defect is covered by normal skin. In some cases, skull x-rays have shown underlying lytic bone lesions which have closed before the age of one year. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Bilateral single transverse palmar creases (HP:0007598): The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease on both hands. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology (HP:0030680): Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
- Hernia (HP:0100790). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:261112)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease Monosomy 9p syndrome (ORPHA:261112).