Phenotypes associated with the disease Costello syndrome (ORPHA:3071):
- Narrow palate (HP:0000189): Width of the palate more than 2 SD below the mean (objective) or apparently decreased palatal width (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Macrocephaly (HP:0000256): Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Short neck (HP:0000470): Diminished length of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Ptosis (HP:0000508): The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormality of the skin (HP:0000951): An abnormality of the skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Acanthosis nigricans (HP:0000956): A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Hyperkeratosis (HP:0000962): Hyperkeratosis is a histopathological term defining a thickened stratum corneum and may be present in many different skin conditions, with many possible overlaps. Hyperkeratosis refers to the increased thickness of the stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin. Hyperkeratosis is subclassified as orthokeratotic or parakeratotic. Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis refers to the thickening of the keratin layer with preserved keratinocyte maturation, while parakeratotic hyperkeratosis shows retained nuclei as a sign of delayed maturation of keratinocytes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormal fingernail morphology (HP:0001231): An abnormality of the fingernails. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Failure to thrive in infancy (HP:0001531). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Redundant skin (HP:0001582): Loose and sagging skin often associated with loss of skin elasticity. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Concave nail (HP:0001598): The natural longitudinal (posterodistal) convex arch is not present or is inverted. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Pulmonic stenosis (HP:0001642): A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Deep-set nails (HP:0001814): Deeply placed nails. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Woolly hair (HP:0002224): The term wooly hair refers to an abnormal variant of hair that is fine, with tightly coiled curls, and often hypopigmented. Optical microscopy may reveal the presence of tight spirals and a clear diameter reduction as compared with normal hair. Electron microscopy may show flat, oval hair shafts with reduced transversal diameter. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Delayed skeletal maturation (HP:0002750): A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Short stature (HP:0004322): A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Depressed nasal bridge (HP:0005280): Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Feeding difficulties in infancy (HP:0008872): Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Lack of skin elasticity (HP:0100679). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3071)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Macroglossia (HP:0000158): Increased length and width of the tongue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormality of the dentition (HP:0000164): Any abnormality of the teeth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Thick lower lip vermilion (HP:0000179): Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Full cheeks (HP:0000293): Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Thickened nuchal skin fold (HP:0000474): A thickening of the skin thickness in the posterior aspect of the fetal neck. A nuchal fold (NF) measurement is obtained in a transverse section of the fetal head at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and thalami, angled posteriorly to include the cerebellum. The measurement is taken from the outer edge of the occiput bone to the outer skin limit directly in the midline. An NF measurement greater than 5 mm at 14 to 17+6 weeks of gestation, or 6 mm at 18 to 28 weeks has been associated with a markedly increased risk for Down syndrome. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Astigmatism (HP:0000483): A type of refraction error associated with abnormal curvatures on the anterior and/or posterior surface of the cornea. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Optic disc pallor (HP:0000543): A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Myopia (HP:0000545): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects nearby clearly, while objects in the distance appear blurry. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Keratoconus (HP:0000563): A cone-shaped deformity of the cornea characterized by the presence of corneal distortion secondary to thinning of the apex. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormal dental enamel morphology (HP:0000682): An abnormality of the dental enamel. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Joint hypermobility (HP:0001382): The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Polyhydramnios (HP:0001561): The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Mitral valve prolapse (HP:0001634): One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HP:0001639): Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Hypoplastic toenails (HP:0001800): Underdevelopment of the toenail. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (HP:0002020): A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Cerebral cortical atrophy (HP:0002120): Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Thickened Achilles tendon (HP:0004690): An abnormal thickening of the Achilles tendon. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormal dermatoglyphics (HP:0007477): An abnormality of dermatoglyphs (fingerprints), which are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Ulnar deviation of finger (HP:0009465): Bending or curvature of a finger toward the ulnar side (i.e., away from the thumb). The deviation is at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and this finding is distinct from clinodactyly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Papilloma (HP:0012740): A tumor of the skin or mucous membrane with finger-like projections. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3071)
- Coarse facial features (HP:0000280): Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Hypermetropia (HP:0000540): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Abnormal hair morphology (HP:0001595): An abnormality of the hair. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Poor suck (HP:0002033): An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Generalized hyperpigmentation (HP:0007440). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Large earlobe (HP:0009748): Increased volume of the earlobe, that is, abnormally prominent ear lobules. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Compensatory head posture (HP:0031705): A compensatory head posture occurs when the head is deviated out of the normal primary straight head position in order to compensate for an ocular problem. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)
- Large face (HP:0100729). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:3071)