Phenotypes associated with the disease 15q overgrowth syndrome (ORPHA:314585):
- Horseshoe kidney (HP:0000085): A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Hydronephrosis (HP:0000126): Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- High palate (HP:0000218): Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Retrognathia (HP:0000278): An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Coarse facial features (HP:0000280): Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Microretrognathia (HP:0000308): A form of developmental hypoplasia of the mandible in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormality of the outer ear (HP:0000356): An abnormality of the external ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Downslanted palpebral fissures (HP:0000494): The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Telecanthus (HP:0000506): Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Arachnodactyly (HP:0001166): Abnormally long and slender fingers (spider fingers). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Motor delay (HP:0001270): A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Neonatal hypotonia (HP:0001319): Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Craniosynostosis (HP:0001363): Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Joint hypermobility (HP:0001382): The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Intrauterine growth retardation (HP:0001511): An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Disproportionate tall stature (HP:0001519): A tall and slim body build with increased arm span to height ratio (>1.05) and a reduced upper-to-lower segment ratio (<0.85), i.e., unusually long arms and legs. The extremities as well as the hands and feet are unusually slim. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Overgrowth (HP:0001548): Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal facial shape (HP:0001999): An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- High, narrow palate (HP:0002705): The presence of a high and narrow palate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Early-onset non-progressive night blindness (HP:0007642): A usually nonprogressive (i.e., stationary) form of night blindness with early (presumed to be congenital) onset. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Ureterovesical stenosis (HP:0008714). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger (HP:0009471): Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger (HP:0009540): Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal renal morphology (HP:0012210): Any structural anomaly of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Neurodevelopmental delay (HP:0012758): Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:314585)
- Bifid uvula (HP:0000193): Uvula separated into two parts most easily seen at the tip. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Hydrocephalus (HP:0000238): Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Macrocephaly (HP:0000256): Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Turricephaly (HP:0000262): Tall head relative to width and length. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Dolichocephaly (HP:0000268): An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Malar flattening (HP:0000272): Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Mandibular prognathia (HP:0000303): Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Smooth philtrum (HP:0000319): Flat skin surface, with no ridge formation in the central region of the upper lip between the nasal base and upper vermilion border. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Mixed hearing impairment (HP:0000410): A type of hearing loss resulting from a combination of conductive hearing impairment and sensorineural hearing impairment. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Wide nasal bridge (HP:0000431): Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormality of the incisor (HP:0000676): An abnormality of the Incisor tooth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Dental crowding (HP:0000678): Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal sternum morphology (HP:0000766): An anomaly of the sternum, also known as the breastbone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Large hands (HP:0001176). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Dandy-Walker malformation (HP:0001305): A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Hyperreflexia (HP:0001347): Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Breech presentation (HP:0001623): A position of the fetus at delivery in which the fetus enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Mitral regurgitation (HP:0001653): An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Overlapping toe (HP:0001845): Describes a foot digit resting on the dorsal surface of an adjacent digit when the foot is at rest. Initially clawing may be dynamic and only noticeable on walking. Over time the plantar plate tears, subluxation occurs at the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), and the deformity becomes permanent. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (HP:0002092): Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Headache (HP:0002315): Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Nephroblastoma (HP:0002667): The presence of a nephroblastoma, which is a neoplasm of the kidney that primarily affects children. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Syringomyelia (HP:0003396): Dilated, glial-lined cavity in spinal cord. This cavity does not communicate with the central canal, and usually is between the dorsal columns unilaterally or bilaterally along the side of the cord. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Clinodactyly of the 5th finger (HP:0004209): Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Tricuspid regurgitation (HP:0005180): Failure of the tricuspid valve to close sufficiently upon contraction of the right ventricle, causing blood to regurgitate (flow backward) into the right atrium. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal finger flexion crease (HP:0006143): Anomalous flexion crease (i.e., a transverse line that crosses the skin of a finger). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Wide intermamillary distance (HP:0006610): A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal coccyx morphology (HP:0008519): Any structural abnormality of the coccyx. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormality of the falx cerebri (HP:0010653): An abnormality of the Falx cerebri. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Brain atrophy (HP:0012444): Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)
- Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology (HP:0030680): Any structural anomaly of the heart and blood vessels. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:314585)