Phenotypes associated with the disease Microcephaly-brachydactyly-kyphoscoliosis syndrome (ORPHA:3433):
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Dolichocephaly (HP:0000268): An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Malar flattening (HP:0000272): Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Macrotia (HP:0000400): Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Profound intellectual disability (HP:0002187): Profound intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by profoundly sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Shuffling gait (HP:0002362): A type of gait (walking) characterized by by dragging one's feet along or without lifting the feet fully from the ground. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- High, narrow palate (HP:0002705): The presence of a high and narrow palate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Kyphoscoliosis (HP:0002751): An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Decreased muscle mass (HP:0003199). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Short stature (HP:0004322): A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Flat occiput (HP:0005469): Reduced convexity of the occiput (posterior part of skull). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:3433)
- Downslanted palpebral fissures (HP:0000494): The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Cataract (HP:0000518): A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Atlantoaxial abnormality (HP:0003413): An anomaly of the atlantoaxial joint, i.e., of the joint between the first (atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebrae. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Hypermobility of interphalangeal joints (HP:0005620): The ability of the interphalangeal joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Broad hallux (HP:0010055): Visible increase in width of the hallux without an increase in the dorso-ventral dimension. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Broad thumb (HP:0011304): Increased thumb width without increased dorso-ventral dimension. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)
- Wide nasal ridge (HP:0012811): Increased width of the nasal ridge. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:3433)