- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:458803)
- Abnormal cerebellum morphology (HP:0001317): Any structural abnormality of the cerebellum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:458803)
- Unsteady gait (HP:0002317). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:458803)
- Neurodevelopmental abnormality (HP:0012759): A deviation from normal of the neurological development of a child, which may include any or all of the aspects of the development of personal, social, gross or fine motor, and cognitive abilities. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:458803)
- Urinary urgency (HP:0000012): Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Depression (HP:0000716): Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Saccadic smooth pursuit interruptions (HP:0001152): An abnormality of tracking eye movements in which smooth pursuit is interrupted by an abnormally high number of saccadic movements. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Cerebellar atrophy (HP:0001272): Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Dysphagia (HP:0002015): Difficulty in swallowing. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Spastic gait (HP:0002064): Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Gait ataxia (HP:0002066): A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Babinski sign (HP:0003487): Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Cerebellar vermis atrophy (HP:0006855): Wasting (atrophy) of the vermis of cerebellum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Impaired vibration sensation at ankles (HP:0006938): A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration at the ankles. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to the malleoli of the ankles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Gaze-evoked horizontal nystagmus (HP:0007979): Horizontal nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Eyelid myokymia (HP:0031166): Involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating contractions of the eyelid. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:458803)
- Urinary incontinence (HP:0000020): Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Hypometric saccades (HP:0000571): Saccadic undershoot, i.e., a saccadic eye movement that has less than the magnitude that would be required to gain fixation of the object. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Diplopia (HP:0000651): Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Impotence (HP:0000802): Inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Vertigo (HP:0002321): An abnormal sensation of spinning while the body is actually stationary. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Resting tremor (HP:0002322): A resting tremor occurs when muscles are at rest and becomes less noticeable or disappears when the affected muscles are moved. Resting tremors are often slow and coarse. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Head tremor (HP:0002346): An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement affecting head movement. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Alzheimer disease (HP:0002511): A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxia and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuropil threads. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Psoriasiform dermatitis (HP:0003765): A skin abnormality characterized by redness and irritation, with thick, red skin that displays flaky, silver-white patches (scales). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Upper limb postural tremor (HP:0007351): A type of tremors that is triggered by holding an arm in a fixed position. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the brainstem (HP:0007366). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Reduced brain N-acetyl aspartate level by MRS (HP:0012708): A decrease in the level of N-acetyl aspartate in the brain identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
- Hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI (HP:0030890): A brighter than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:458803)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease Spinocerebellar ataxia type 42 (ORPHA:458803).