Phenotypes associated with the disease Lafora disease (ORPHA:501):
- Lafora bodies (HP:0100318): An intraneuronal inclusion body composed of acid mucopolysaccharides. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Obligate (HP:0040280). (ORPHA:501)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:501)
- Emotional lability (HP:0000712): Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Depression (HP:0000716): Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Dementia (HP:0000726): A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Mental deterioration (HP:0001268): Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Confusion (HP:0001289): Lack of clarity and coherence of thought, perception, understanding, or action. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Giant somatosensory evoked potentials (HP:0001312): An abnormal enlargement (i.e. increase in measured voltage) of somatosensory evoked potentials. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Recurrent aspiration pneumonia (HP:0002100): Increased susceptibility to aspiration pneumonia, defined as pneumonia due to breathing in foreign material, as manifested by a medical history of repeated episodes of aspiration pneumonia. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Generalized myoclonic seizure (HP:0002123): A generalized myoclonic seizure is a type of generalized motor seizure characterized by bilateral, sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Status epilepticus (HP:0002133): Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Headache (HP:0002315): Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Visual hallucination (HP:0002367): Visual perception in the absence of a visual stimulus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Hypsarrhythmia (HP:0002521): Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Inability to walk (HP:0002540): Incapability to ambulate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Erratic myoclonus (HP:0025357): A type of myoclonus in which the myoclonias shift from body region to another in a random and asynchronous fashion. Erratic myoclonus can affect the face or limbs, are brief, single or repetitive, very frequent and nearly continuous. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Nasogastric tube feeding (HP:0040288): The condition of inability to eat normally treated by placement of a thin tube through the nose into the stomach that is then used to carry food. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:501)
- Myoclonus (HP:0001336): Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Hepatic failure (HP:0001399). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (HP:0002069): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure (HP:0002121): A generalized non-motor (absence) seizure is a type of a type of dialeptic seizure that is of electrographically generalized onset. It is a generalized seizure characterized by an interruption of activities, a blank stare, and usually the person will be unresponsive when spoken to. Any ictal motor phenomena are minor in comparison to these non-motor features. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Sleep disturbance (HP:0002360): An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Focal impaired awareness seizure (HP:0002384): Focal impaired awareness seizure (or focal seizure with impaired or lost awareness) is a type of focal-onset seizure characterized by some degree (which may be partial) of impairment of the person's awareness of themselves or their surroundings at any point during the seizure. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Atypical absence seizure (HP:0007270): An atypical absence seizure is a type of generalized non-motor (absence) seizure characterized by interruption of ongoing activities and reduced responsiveness. In comparison to a typical absence seizure, changes in tone may be more pronounced, onset and/or cessation may be less abrupt, and the duration of the ictus and post-ictal recovery may be longer. Although not always available, an EEG often demonstrates slow (<3 Hz), irregular, generalized spike-wave activity. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset (HP:0007334): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset is a focal-onset seizure which progresses into a bilateral tonic-clonic phase. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Focal-onset seizure (HP:0007359): A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Severe photosensitivity (HP:0007537): A severe degree of photosensitivity of the skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Atonic seizure (HP:0010819): Atonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by a sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting about 1 to 2 seconds, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Focal sensory seizure with visual features (HP:0011165): A seizure characterized by elementary visual hallucinations such as flashing or flickering lights/colors, or other shapes, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis as its first clinical manifestation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Brain atrophy (HP:0012444): Partial or complete wasting (loss) of brain tissue that was once present. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)
- Vegetative state (HP:0031358): The absence of wakefulness and consciousness, but in contrast to a coma, there is involuntary opening of the eyes and movements such as teeth grinding, yawning, or thrashing of the extremities. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:501)