- Hearing impairment (HP:0000365): A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Deeply set eye (HP:0000490): An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Pigmentary retinopathy (HP:0000580): An abnormality of the retina characterized by pigment deposition. It is typically associated with migration and proliferation of macrophages or retinal pigment epithelial cells into the retina; melanin from these cells causes the pigmentary changes. Pigmentary retinopathy is a common final pathway of many retinal conditions and is often associated with visual loss. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Cutaneous photosensitivity (HP:0000992): An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Abnormal facial shape (HP:0001999): An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Basal ganglia calcification (HP:0002135): The presence of calcium deposition affecting one or more structures of the basal ganglia. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration (HP:0002910): Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Absent brainstem auditory responses (HP:0004463): Lack of measurable response to stimulation of auditory evoked potentials. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Foot joint contracture (HP:0008366): Contractures of one or more joints of the feet meaning chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Postnatal growth retardation (HP:0008897): Slow or limited growth after birth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:90321)
- Proteinuria (HP:0000093): Increased levels of protein in the urine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Abnormality of the dentition (HP:0000164): Any abnormality of the teeth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Long face (HP:0000276): Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Mandibular prognathia (HP:0000303): Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Visual impairment (HP:0000505): Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Cataract (HP:0000518): A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Decreased lacrimation (HP:0000633): Abnormally decreased lacrimation, that is, reduced tear production. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Optic atrophy (HP:0000648): Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hypertension (HP:0000822): The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hypohidrosis (HP:0000966): Abnormally diminished capacity to sweat. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Tremor (HP:0001337): An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hyperreflexia (HP:0001347): Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Diarrhea (HP:0002014): Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Postural instability (HP:0002172): A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Abnormality of peripheral nerve conduction (HP:0003134): An abnormality of the conduction of electrical impulses by peripheral (motor or sensory) nerves. This finding is elicited by a nerve conduction study (NCS). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Increased blood urea nitrogen (HP:0003138): An increased amount of nitrogen in the form of urea in the blood. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Abnormality of temperature regulation (HP:0004370): An abnormality of temperature homeostasis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Progeroid facial appearance (HP:0005328): A degree of wrinkling of the facial skin that is more than expected for the age of the individual, leading to a prematurely aged appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
- Renal insufficiency (HP:0000083): A reduction in the level of performance of the kidneys in areas of function comprising the concentration of urine, removal of wastes, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, homeostasis of blood pressure, and calcium metabolism. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Short chin (HP:0000331): Decreased vertical distance from the vermilion border of the lower lip to the inferior-most point of the chin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Macrotia (HP:0000400): Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Conjunctivitis (HP:0000509): Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Anophthalmia (HP:0000528): Absence of the globe or eyeball. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Uveitis (HP:0000554): Inflammation of one or all portions of the uveal tract. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Photophobia (HP:0000613): Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Anodontia (HP:0000674): The absence of all teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Delayed eruption of primary teeth (HP:0000680): Delayed tooth eruption affecting the primary dentition. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hypermelanotic macule (HP:0001034): A hyperpigmented circumscribed area of change in normal skin color without elevation or depression of any size. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Anemia (HP:0001903): A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Lower limb spasticity (HP:0002061): Spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone and hyperexcitable tendon reflexes) in the muscles of the lower limbs, hips, and pelvis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Hepatomegaly (HP:0002240): Abnormally increased size of the liver. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Sleep disturbance (HP:0002360): An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Enamel hypoplasia (HP:0006297): Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Widely spaced primary teeth (HP:0006313): Increased space between the primary teeth. Note this phenotype should be distinguished from increased space due purely to microdontia. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Microdontia of primary teeth (HP:0006347): Decreased size of the primary teeth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Scarring (HP:0100699): A scar refers to a lesion in which wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely and fibrous connective tissue has developed. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:90321)
- Male hypogonadism (HP:0000026): Decreased functionality of the male gonad, i.e., of the testis, with reduced spermatogenesis or testosterone synthesis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:90321)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:90321)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:90321)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease Cockayne syndrome type 1 (ORPHA:90321).