- Recurrent urinary tract infections (HP:0000010): Repeated infections of the urinary tract. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of the bladder (HP:0000014): An abnormality of the urinary bladder. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Bladder diverticulum (HP:0000015): Diverticulum (sac or pouch) in the wall of the urinary bladder. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Inguinal hernia (HP:0000023): Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Functional abnormality of male internal genitalia (HP:0000025). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HP:0000044): Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by reduced function of the gonads (testes in males or ovaries in females) and results from the absence of the gonadal stimulating pituitary hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Renal duplication (HP:0000075): A congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, in which the kidney is duplicated and is drained via two separate renal pelves and ureters. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Vesicoureteral reflux (HP:0000076): Abnormal (retrograde) movement of urine from the bladder into ureters or kidneys related to inadequacy of the valvular mechanism at the ureterovesicular junction or other causes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Renal insufficiency (HP:0000083): A reduction in the level of performance of the kidneys in areas of function comprising the concentration of urine, removal of wastes, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, homeostasis of blood pressure, and calcium metabolism. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Renal hypoplasia (HP:0000089): Hypoplasia of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Proteinuria (HP:0000093): Increased levels of protein in the urine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Nephrocalcinosis (HP:0000121): Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in renal parenchyma. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Pelvic kidney (HP:0000125): A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position within the pelvis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Polycystic ovaries (HP:0000147). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Wide mouth (HP:0000154): Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Macroglossia (HP:0000158): Increased length and width of the tongue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Thick lower lip vermilion (HP:0000179): Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Gingival overgrowth (HP:0000212): Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Everted lower lip vermilion (HP:0000232): An abnormal configuration of the lower lip such that it is turned outward i.e., everted, with the Inner aspect of the lower lip vermilion (normally opposing the teeth) being visible in a frontal view. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Narrow face (HP:0000275): Bizygomatic (upper face) and bigonial (lower face) width are both more than 2 standard deviations below the mean (objective); or, an apparent reduction in the width of the upper and lower face (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Coarse facial features (HP:0000280): Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Pointed chin (HP:0000307): A marked tapering of the lower face to the chin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Broad forehead (HP:0000337): Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Long philtrum (HP:0000343): Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- High forehead (HP:0000348): An abnormally increased height of the forehead. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Chronic otitis media (HP:0000389): Chronic otitis media refers to fluid, swelling, or infection of the middle ear that does not heal and may cause permanent damage to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Macrotia (HP:0000400): Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Sensorineural hearing impairment (HP:0000407): A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Protruding ear (HP:0000411): Angle formed by the plane of the ear and the mastoid bone greater than the 97th centile for age (objective); or, outer edge of the helix more than 2 cm from the mastoid at the point of maximum distance (objective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Wide nasal bridge (HP:0000431): Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of the neck (HP:0000464): An abnormality of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Megalocornea (HP:0000485): An enlargement of the cornea with normal clarity and function. Megalocornea is diagnosed with a horizontal corneal diameter of 12 mm or more at birth or 13 mm or more after two years of age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Glaucoma (HP:0000501): Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Visual impairment (HP:0000505): Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Cataract (HP:0000518): A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Myopia (HP:0000545): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects nearby clearly, while objects in the distance appear blurry. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Blepharophimosis (HP:0000581): A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Posterior embryotoxon (HP:0000627): A posterior embryotoxon is the presence of a prominent and anteriorly displaced line of Schwalbe. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Lacrimation abnormality (HP:0000632): Abnormality of tear production. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Blue irides (HP:0000635): A markedly blue coloration of the iris. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypodontia (HP:0000668): The absence of five or less teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Carious teeth (HP:0000670): Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal dental enamel morphology (HP:0000682): An abnormality of the dental enamel. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Dental malocclusion (HP:0000689): Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Microdontia (HP:0000691): Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Depression (HP:0000716): Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Autism (HP:0000717): Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism begins in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual (DSM-IV). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Compulsive behaviors (HP:0000722): Behavior that consists of repetitive acts, characterized by the feeling that one "has to" perform them, while being aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Anxiety (HP:0000739): Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Pectus excavatum (HP:0000767): A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Kidney stone (HP:0000787): Kidney stones (calculi) are mineral concretions in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypothyroidism (HP:0000821): Deficiency of thyroid hormone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypertension (HP:0000822): The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Precocious puberty (HP:0000826): The onset of secondary sexual characteristics before a normal age. Although it is difficult to define normal age ranges because of the marked variation with which puberty begins in normal children, precocious puberty can be defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls or 9 years in boys. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Osteopenia (HP:0000938): Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Osteoporosis (HP:0000939): Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Sacral dimple (HP:0000960): A cutaneous indentation resulting from tethering of the skin to underlying structures (bone) of the intergluteal cleft. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Nevus flammeus (HP:0001052): A congenital vascular malformation consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin which produce a reddish to purplish discolouration of the skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Cholelithiasis (HP:0001081): Hard, pebble-like deposits that form within the gallbladder. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Retinal arteriolar tortuosity (HP:0001136): The presence of an increased number of twists and turns of the retinal arterioles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Adducted thumb (HP:0001181): In the resting position, the tip of the thumb is on, or near, the palm, close to the base of the fourth or fifth finger. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal fingernail morphology (HP:0001231): An abnormality of the fingernails. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Stroke (HP:0001297): Sudden impairment of blood flow to a part of the brain due to occlusion or rupture of an artery to the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Dysmetria (HP:0001310): A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Tremor (HP:0001337): An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Hyperreflexia (HP:0001347): Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Nystagmus-induced head nodding (HP:0001361): Head movements associated with nystagmus, that may represent an attempt to compensate for the involuntary eye movements and to improve vision. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Joint stiffness (HP:0001387): Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Obesity (HP:0001513): Accumulation of substantial excess body fat. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Failure to thrive in infancy (HP:0001531). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Umbilical hernia (HP:0001537): Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Redundant skin (HP:0001582): Loose and sagging skin often associated with loss of skin elasticity. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of the voice (HP:0001608). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Hoarse voice (HP:0001609): Hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Dysphonia (HP:0001618): Difficulty in speaking due to a physical disorder of the mouth, tongue, throat, or vocal cords. Associated with a known physical or neurological cause. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system (HP:0001626): Any abnormality of the cardiovascular system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Atrial septal defect (HP:0001631): Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Mitral valve prolapse (HP:0001634): One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Congestive heart failure (HP:0001635): The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (HP:0001636): A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HP:0001639): Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Cardiomegaly (HP:0001640): Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Pulmonic stenosis (HP:0001642): A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Patent ductus arteriosus (HP:0001643): In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Sudden cardiac death (HP:0001645): The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Bicuspid aortic valve (HP:0001647): The presence of an aortic valve with two instead of the normal three cusps (flaps). Bicuspid aortic valvue is a malformation of a commissure (small space between the attachment of each cusp to the aortic wall) and the adjacent parts of the two corresponding cusps forming a raphe (the fused area of the two underdeveloped cusps turning into a malformed commissure between both cusps; the raphe is a fibrous ridge that extends from the commissure to the free edge of the two underdeveloped, conjoint cusps). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Mitral regurgitation (HP:0001653): An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Myocardial infarction (HP:0001658): Necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart and often associated with chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and anxiety as well as characteristic EKG findings and elevation of serum markers including creatine kinase-MB fraction and troponin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal cardiac septum morphology (HP:0001671): An anomaly of the intra-atrial or intraventricular septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Pes planus (HP:0001763): A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypoplastic toenails (HP:0001800): Underdevelopment of the toenail. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Hallux valgus (HP:0001822): Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal tubulointerstitial morphology (HP:0001969): An abnormality that involves the tubules and interstitial tissue of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Nausea and vomiting (HP:0002017): Nausea is a commonly encountered symptom that has been defined as an unpleasant painless subjective feeling that one will imminently vomit. Vomiting has been defined as the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum through the oral cavity. While nausea and vomiting are often thought to exist on a temporal continuum, this is not always the case. There are situations when severe nausea may be present without emesis and less frequently, when emesis may be present without preceding nausea. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Constipation (HP:0002019): Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (HP:0002020): A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Malabsorption (HP:0002024): Impaired ability to absorb one or more nutrients from the intestine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abdominal pain (HP:0002027): An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Rectal prolapse (HP:0002035): Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function (HP:0002071): A neurological condition related to lesions of the basal ganglia leading to typical abnormalities including akinesia (inability to initiate changes in activity and perform volitional movements rapidly and easily), muscular rigidity (continuous contraction of muscles with constant resistance to passive movement), chorea (widespread arrhythmic movements of a forcible, rapid, jerky, and restless nature), athetosis (inability to sustain the muscles of the fingers, toes, or other group of muscles in a fixed position), and akathisia (inability to remain motionless). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Cerebral cortical atrophy (HP:0002120): Atrophy of the cortex of the cerebrum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Gait imbalance (HP:0002141). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypercalciuria (HP:0002150). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal speech pattern (HP:0002167): An abnormality in the sound (volume) or cadence (rate) of speech. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Phonophobia (HP:0002183): An abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Recurrent respiratory infections (HP:0002205): An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Colonic diverticula (HP:0002253): The presence of multiple diverticula of the colon. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Chiari malformation (HP:0002308): Chiari malformation consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of CSF outflow. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Developmental regression (HP:0002376): Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Tracheoesophageal fistula (HP:0002575): An abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Overriding aorta (HP:0002623): An overriding aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is positioned directly over a ventricular septal defect, instead of over the left ventricle. The result is that the aorta receives some blood from the right ventricle, which reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. It is one of the four conditions of the Tetralogy of Fallot. The aortic root can be displaced toward the front (anteriorly) or directly above the septal defect, but it is always abnormally located to the right of the root of the pulmonary artery. The degree of override is quite variable, with 5-95% of the valve being connected to the right ventricle. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Cerebral ischemia (HP:0002637): Restriction of arterial blood supply to the brain associated with insufficient oxygenation to support the metabolic requirements of the tissue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology (HP:0002644): An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Delayed skeletal maturation (HP:0002750): A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Arthralgia (HP:0002829): Joint pain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Genu valgum (HP:0002857): The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Radioulnar synostosis (HP:0002974): An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Patellar dislocation (HP:0002999): The kneecap normally is located within the groove termed trochlea on the distal femur and can slide up and down in it. Patellar dislocation occurs if the patella fully dislocates out of the groove. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormality of the ankle (HP:0003028): An anomaly of the joint that connects the foot with the leg. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypercalcemia (HP:0003072): The concentration of calcium in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal circulating lipid concentration (HP:0003119): Any deviation from the normal concentration of a lipid in the blood circulation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Short nose (HP:0003196): Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Myopathy (HP:0003198): A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Elevated circulating creatine kinase activity (HP:0003236): The activity of creatine kinase in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Spina bifida occulta (HP:0003298): The closed form of spina bifida with incomplete closure of a vertebral body with intact overlying skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hyperlordosis (HP:0003307): Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal vertebral body morphology (HP:0003312): Abnormal form of vertebral body, which is the central cylindrical portion of the vertebra that together with other structures such as the vertebral arch, pedicles, laminae, spinous process, transverse processes, and articular facets makes up a vertebra. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Vertebral segmentation defect (HP:0003422): An abnormality related to a defect of vertebral separation during development. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Clinodactyly of the 5th finger (HP:0004209): Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal gastric mucosa morphology (HP:0004295): An abnormality of the gastric mucous membrane. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Involuntary movements (HP:0004305): Involuntary contractions of muscle leading to involuntary movements of extremities, neck, trunk, or face. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal endocardium morphology (HP:0004306): An abnormality of the endocardium. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Short stature (HP:0004322): A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis (HP:0004381): A pathological narrowing in the region above the aortic valve associated with restricted left ventricular outflow. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Peptic ulcer (HP:0004398): The term peptic ulcer refers to acid peptic injury of the digestive tract, resulting in mucosal break reaching the submucosa. Peptic ulcers are usually located in the stomach or proximal duodenum, but they can also be found in the esophagus or Meckel's diverticulum. Infection with Helicobacter pylori and the use of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin are the main risk factors of both gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Elfin facies (HP:0004428): This is a description previously used to describe a facial form characterized by a short, upturned nose, wide mouth, widely spaced eyes, and full cheeks. Because of the imprecision in this definition it is preferable to describe these features precisely. This term is retained because it was often used in the past, but it should not be used for new annotations. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (HP:0004969): Stenosis of a peripheral branch of the pulmonary artery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Aortic arch aneurysm (HP:0005113): An abnormal localized widening (dilatation) of the aortic arch. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal carotid artery morphology (HP:0005344): Any structural abnormality of the carotid arteries, including the common carotid artery and its' arterial branches. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Multiple renal cysts (HP:0005562): The presence of many cysts in the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Type II diabetes mellitus (HP:0005978): A type of diabetes mellitus initially characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and subsequently by glucose interolerance and hyperglycemia. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal dental morphology (HP:0006482): An abnormality of the morphology of the tooth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Atrophy/Degeneration involving the corticospinal tracts (HP:0007372). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal dermatoglyphics (HP:0007477): An abnormality of dermatoglyphs (fingerprints), which are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Prematurely aged appearance (HP:0007495). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Flat cornea (HP:0007720): Cornea plana is an abnormally flat shape of the cornea such that the normal protrusion of the cornea from the sclera is missing. The reduced corneal curvature can lead to hyperopia, and a hazy corneal limbus and arcus lipoides may develop at an early age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Corneal opacity (HP:0007957): A reduction of corneal clarity. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the iris (HP:0008053): Absence or underdevelopment of the iris. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- High hypermetropia (HP:0008499): A severe form of hypermetropia with over +5.00 diopters. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Urethral stenosis (HP:0008661): Abnormal narrowing of the urethra. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypoplasia of penis (HP:0008736). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Dysgraphia (HP:0010526): A writing disability in the absence of motor or sensory deficits of the upper extremities, resulting in an impairment in the ability to write regardless of the ability to read and not due to intellectual impairment. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal diencephalon morphology (HP:0010662): An abnormality of the Diencephalon, which together with the cerebrum (telencephalon) makes up the forebrain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone (HP:0010669): Underdevelopment of the zygomatic bone. That is, a reduction in size of the zygomatic bone, including the zygomatic process of the temporal bone of the skull, which forms part of the zygomatic arch. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Hyperacusis (HP:0010780): Over-sensitivity to certain frequency ranges of sound. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Open bite (HP:0010807): Visible space between the dental arches in occlusion. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Increased nuchal translucency (HP:0010880): Nuchal translucency is the sonographic appearance of subcutaneous accumulation of liquid in the back of the fetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy (11-14 gestational weeks of pregnancy). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Increased bone mineral density (HP:0011001): An abnormal increase of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones which is often referred to as osteosclerosis. Osteosclerosis can be detected on radiological examination as an increased whiteness (density) of affected bones. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal social behavior (HP:0012433): An abnormality of actions or reactions of a person exhibited during social interactions with other individuals. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal nervous system morphology (HP:0012639): A structural anomaly of the nervous system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Overfriendliness (HP:0100025): A form of hypersociability that presents as mostly inappropriate friendliness towards others. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Synostosis of joints (HP:0100240): The abnormal fusion of neighboring bones across a joint. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Periorbital edema (HP:0100539): Edema affecting the region situated around the orbit of the eye. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
- Arterial stenosis (HP:0100545): Narrowing or constriction of the inner surface (lumen) of an artery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Death in early adulthood (HP:0100613): Death between the age of 16 and 40 years. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology (HP:0100659): An anomaly of the cerebral blood vessels. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Insomnia (HP:0100785): Persistent difficulty in starting or maintaining sleep, or waking up earlier than desired, despite having adequate opportunities and conditions for sleep. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Renovascular hypertension (HP:0100817): The presence of hypertension related to stenosis of the renal artery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Down-sloping shoulders (HP:0200021): Low set, steeply sloping shoulders. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:904)
- Joint hypermobility (HP:0001382): The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:904)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:904)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease Williams syndrome (ORPHA:904).