Phenotypes associated with the disease 8p inverted duplication/deletion syndrome (ORPHA:96092):
- Hypertonia (HP:0001276): A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormal facial shape (HP:0001999): An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Frontal balding (HP:0002292): Absence of hair in the anterior midline and/or parietal areas. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Spastic tetraplegia (HP:0002510): Spastic paralysis affecting all four limbs. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormality of chromosome segregation (HP:0002916): An abnormality of chromosome segregation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Floppy infant (HP:0008947): Floppiness/hypotonia is defined as reduced resistance to passive movement of joints. Physical examination of floppy/hypotonic infants shows head lag, lack of shoulder and elbow muscle contraction on traction response, inability to tighten the shoulder girdle muscles (or slipping through) when held under the axillae, scarf sign (when the arm is pulled to the opposite side, the arm wraps around the neck with the elbow crossing midline), hyperdorsiflexion of the feet, easy apposition of the thumb against the forearm, feet touching the cheek with ease and without discomfort, frog leg position, and inverted U sign on ventral suspension (head, arms, and legs hanging down without elbow or knee flexion and the trunk rounded in a dome shape). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Severe intellectual disability (HP:0010864): Severe intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by severely sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 20-34. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Prominent forehead (HP:0011220): Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Severe global developmental delay (HP:0011344): A severe delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormality of the urinary system (HP:0000079): An abnormality of the urinary system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Round face (HP:0000311): The facial appearance is more circular than usual as viewed from the front. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Long philtrum (HP:0000343): Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Wide nasal bridge (HP:0000431): Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormality of the eye (HP:0000478): Any abnormality of the eye, including location, spacing, and intraocular abnormalities. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Autism (HP:0000717): Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism begins in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual (DSM-IV). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Autistic behavior (HP:0000729): Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormal heart morphology (HP:0001627): Any structural anomaly of the heart. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Clinodactyly of the 5th finger (HP:0004209): Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Positional foot deformity (HP:0005656): A foot deformity resulting due to an abnormality affecting the muscle and soft tissue. In contrast if the bones of the foot are affected the term structural foot deformity applies. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Progressive spastic paraplegia (HP:0007020). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Impulsivity (HP:0100710): Acting on the spur of the moment or on a momentary basis without consideration of outcomes; having difficulty establishing or following plans; experiencing a sense of urgency and engaging in behavior that is uninhibited, cannot be inhibited, and is uncontrolled. The possibility of repression is inconceivable. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Long fingers (HP:0100807): The middle finger is more than 2 SD above the mean for newborns 27 to 41 weeks EGA or above the 97th centile for children from birth to 16 years of age AND the five digits retain their normal length proportions relative to each other (i.e., it is not the case that the middle finger is the only lengthened digit), or, Fingers that appear disproportionately long compared to the palm of the hand. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:96092)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Micropenis (HP:0000054): Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Hydronephrosis (HP:0000126): Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Retrognathia (HP:0000278): An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Preauricular skin tag (HP:0000384): A rudimentary tag of skin often containing ear tissue including a core of cartilage and located just anterior to the auricle (outer part of the ear). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Short neck (HP:0000470): Diminished length of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Blue sclerae (HP:0000592): An abnormal bluish coloration of the sclera. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Synophrys (HP:0000664): Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Precocious puberty (HP:0000826): The onset of secondary sexual characteristics before a normal age. Although it is difficult to define normal age ranges because of the marked variation with which puberty begins in normal children, precocious puberty can be defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls or 9 years in boys. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Dandy-Walker malformation (HP:0001305): A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Cerebellar hypoplasia (HP:0001321): Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (HP:0001636): A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Dextrocardia (HP:0001651): The heart is located in the right hand sided hemithorax. That is, there is a left-right reversal (or "mirror reflection") of the anatomical location of the heart in which the heart is locate on the right side instead of the left. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- High, narrow palate (HP:0002705): The presence of a high and narrow palate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Hip dislocation (HP:0002827): Displacement of the femur from its normal location in the hip joint. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Contractures of the large joints (HP:0005781). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Abnormality of dental eruption (HP:0006292): An abnormality of tooth eruption. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Small hypothenar eminence (HP:0010487): Reduced muscle mass on the ulnar side of the palm, that is, reduction in size of the hypothenar eminence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the gallbladder (HP:0011466): Absence or underdevelopment of the gallbladder. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:96092)
- Wide mouth (HP:0000154): Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Everted lower lip vermilion (HP:0000232): An abnormal configuration of the lower lip such that it is turned outward i.e., everted, with the Inner aspect of the lower lip vermilion (normally opposing the teeth) being visible in a frontal view. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Macrotia (HP:0000400): Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Anteverted nares (HP:0000463): Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Delayed speech and language development (HP:0000750): A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Pectus excavatum (HP:0000767): A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Mild intellectual disability (HP:0001256): Mild intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by mildly sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 50-69. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:96092)