Phenotypes associated with the disease Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (ORPHA:98853, an Orphanet rare-disease identifier):
- Pectus excavatum (HP:0000767, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Diminished deep tendon reflex (HP:0001315, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A reduction (hyporeflexia) or complete absence (areflexia) of the involuntary muscle contraction normally elicited by a reflex stimulus, such as tapping a deep tendon. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Joint stiffness (HP:0001387, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Myotonia (HP:0002486, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An involuntary and painless delay in the relaxation of skeletal muscle following contraction or electrical stimulation. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Myopathy (HP:0003198, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Elevated circulating creatine kinase activity (HP:0003236, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The activity of creatine kinase in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (HP:0006785, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Muscular dystrophy affecting the muscles of the limb girdle (the hips and shoulders). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Sprengel anomaly (HP:0000912, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A congenital skeletal deformity characterized by the elevation of one scapula (thus, one scapula is located superior to the other). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Achilles tendon contracture (HP:0001771, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A contracture of the Achilles tendon. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Hypertriglyceridemia (HP:0002155, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Waddling gait (HP:0002515, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Elbow flexion contracture (HP:0002987, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Elevated circulating LDL-C concentration (HP:0003141, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Spinal rigidity (HP:0003306, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Reduced ability to move the vertebral column with a resulting limitation of neck and trunk flexion. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Back pain (HP:0003418, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- EMG: myopathic abnormalities (HP:0003458, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The presence of abnormal electromyographic patterns indicative of myopathy, such as small-short polyphasic motor unit potentials. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Scapular winging (HP:0003691, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Rimmed vacuoles (HP:0003805, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Presence of abnormal vacuoles (membrane-bound organelles) in the sarcolemma. On histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, rimmed vacuoles are popcorn-like clear vacuoles with a densely blue rim. The vacuoles are often associated with cytoplasmic and occasionally intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Decreased cervical spine flexion due to contractures of posterior cervical muscles (HP:0004631, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Proximal upper limb amyotrophy (HP:0008948, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the arms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Proximal lower limb amyotrophy (HP:0008956, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Proximal lower limb muscle weakness (HP:0008994, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A lack of strength of the proximal muscles of the legs. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Proximal upper limb muscle weakness (HP:0008997, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A lack of strength of the proximal muscles of the arms. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Type 1 muscle fiber atrophy (HP:0011807, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Atrophy (wasting) affecting primary type 1 muscle fibers. This feature in general can only be observed on muscle biopsy. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Tip-toe gait (HP:0030051, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormal gait pattern characterized by the failure of the heel to contact the floor at the onset of stance during gait. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Absent muscle fiber emerin (HP:0030117, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Immunohistochemistry shows complete lack of emerin protein in the muscle biopsy. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Ptosis (HP:0000508, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Obesity (HP:0001513, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Accumulation of substantial excess body fat. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (HP:0001644, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) or coronary artery disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. Right ventricular dilation and dysfunction may be present but are not necessary for the diagnosis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Atrioventricular block (HP:0001678, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Delayed or lack of conduction of atrial depolarizations through the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Hyperlordosis (HP:0003307, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Supraventricular arrhythmia (HP:0005115, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A type of arrhythmia that originates above the ventricles, whereby the electrical impulse propagates down the normal His Purkinje system similar to normal sinus rhythm. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Ichthyosis (HP:0008064, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormality of the skin characterized the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales on the skin resulting from an abnormality of keratinization. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Lipodystrophy (HP:0009125, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Degenerative changes of the fat tissue. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Vocal cord paralysis (HP:0001605, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HP:0001639, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Sudden cardiac death (HP:0001645, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness (HP:0002747, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
- Ventricular escape rhythm (HP:0005155, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A ventricular escape rhythm occurs whenever higher-lever pacemakers in AV junction or sinus node fail to control ventricular activation. Escape rate is usually 20-40 bpm, often associated with broad QRS complexes (at least 120 ms). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). (ORPHA:98853)
Not associated with this disease:
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. (ORPHA:98853)