Phenotypes associated with the disease Turner syndrome due to structural X chromosome anomalies (ORPHA:99413):
- Abnormal pinna morphology (HP:0000377): An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short toe (HP:0001831): A toe that appears disproportionately short compared to the foot. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Celiac disease (HP:0002608): Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten, the protein fraction of wheat, barley, and rye. Clinical manifestations of CD are highly variable and include both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal features. The hallmark of CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy. This term is included because the occurrence of CD is seen as a feature of a number of other diseases. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Cholestatic liver disease (HP:0002611). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Autoimmunity (HP:0002960): The occurrence of an immune reaction against the organism's own cells or tissues. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Madelung deformity (HP:0003067): An anomaly related to partial closure, or failure of development of the ulnar side of the distal radial growth plate, which results in an arrest of epiphyseal growth of the medial and volar portions of the distal radius. This leads to shortening of the radius and relative overgrowth of the ulna. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Inverted nipples (HP:0003186): The presence of nipples that instead of pointing outward are retracted inwards. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Nevus (HP:0003764): A nevus is a type of hamartoma that is a circumscribed stable malformation of the skin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Reduced bone mineral density (HP:0004349): A reduction of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Numerous congenital melanocytic nevi (HP:0005603). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Type II diabetes mellitus (HP:0005978): A type of diabetes mellitus initially characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia and subsequently by glucose interolerance and hyperglycemia. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the mandible (HP:0009118): Absence or underdevelopment of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Splayed toes (HP:0011307): Divergence of digits along the anteroposterior axis (in the plane of the sole). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Delayed early-childhood social milestone development (HP:0012434): A failure to meet one or more age-related milestones of social behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Thyroiditis (HP:0100646): Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Gonadoblastoma (HP:0000150): The presence of a gonadoblastoma, a neoplasm of a gonad that consists of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (HP:0000471): Dysplasia affecting the vasculature of the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Cirrhosis (HP:0001394): A chronic disorder of the liver in which liver tissue becomes scarred and is partially replaced by regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue resulting in loss of liver function. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Inflammation of the large intestine (HP:0002037): Inflammation, or an inflammatory state in the large intestine. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Biliary cirrhosis (HP:0002613): Progressive destruction of the small-to-medium bile ducts of the intrahepatic biliary tree, which leads to progressive cholestasis and often end-stage liver disease. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Aortic dissection (HP:0002647): Aortic dissection refers to a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta causing a separation between the intima and the medial layers of the aorta. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Melanoma (HP:0002861): The presence of a melanoma, a malignant cancer originating from pigment producing melanocytes. Melanoma can originate from the skin or the pigmented layers of the eye (the uvea). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hypoplastic left ventricle (HP:0004383): A severe congenital heart defect characterized by underdevelopment of the left ventricle. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Gastrointestinal inflammation (HP:0004386): Inflammation of the alimentary part of the gastrointestinal system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Arterial dissection (HP:0005294): A separation (dissection) of the layers of an artery. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Renal hypoplasia/aplasia (HP:0008678): Absence or underdevelopment of the kidney. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Neurodevelopmental delay (HP:0012758): Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very rare (HP:0040284). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormality of the ovary (HP:0000137): An abnormality of the ovary. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short neck (HP:0000470): Diminished length of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Delayed puberty (HP:0000823): Passing the age when puberty normally occurs with no physical or hormonal signs of the onset of puberty. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Increased circulating gonadotropin level (HP:0000837): Overproduction of gonadotropins (FSH, LH) by the anterior pituitary gland. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short sternum (HP:0000879): Decreased inferosuperior length of the sternum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Osteopenia (HP:0000938): Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Osteoporosis (HP:0000939): Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Growth delay (HP:0001510): A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Intrauterine growth retardation (HP:0001511): An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Delayed skeletal maturation (HP:0002750): A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Cubitus valgus (HP:0002967): Abnormal positioning in which the elbows are turned out. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- High urinary gonadotropin level (HP:0003492): An elevated concentration of a gonadotropin hormone (stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone) in the urine, consistent with the diagnosis of primary hypogonadism. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short stature (HP:0004322): A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Wide intermamillary distance (HP:0006610): A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nipples (HP:0006709). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Premature ovarian insufficiency (HP:0008209): Amenorrhea due to loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. Primary ovarian insuficiency (POI) is a state of female hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. It can manifest as primary amenorrhea with onset before menarche or secondary amenorrhea. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Female infertility (HP:0008222). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Postnatal growth retardation (HP:0008897): Slow or limited growth after birth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Increased upper to lower segment ratio (HP:0012774): Elevated ratio between the upper and the lower segment of the body, where the lower segment is defined as the length between the top of pubic symphysis to floor, and the upper segment is defined as the top of head to top of pubic symphysis. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormal forearm bone morphology (HP:0040072). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- Enlarged thorax (HP:0100625). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Very frequent (HP:0040281). (ORPHA:99413)
- High palate (HP:0000218): Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Retrognathia (HP:0000278): An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hearing impairment (HP:0000365): A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Recurrent otitis media (HP:0000403): Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Webbed neck (HP:0000465): Pterygium colli is a congenital skin fold that runs along the sides of the neck down to the shoulders. It involves an ectopic fibrotic facial band superficial to the trapezius muscle. Excess hair-bearing skin is also present and extends down the cervical region well beyond the normal hairline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Thickened nuchal skin fold (HP:0000474): A thickening of the skin thickness in the posterior aspect of the fetal neck. A nuchal fold (NF) measurement is obtained in a transverse section of the fetal head at the level of the cavum septum pellucidum and thalami, angled posteriorly to include the cerebellum. The measurement is taken from the outer edge of the occiput bone to the outer skin limit directly in the midline. An NF measurement greater than 5 mm at 14 to 17+6 weeks of gestation, or 6 mm at 18 to 28 weeks has been associated with a markedly increased risk for Down syndrome. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Broad neck (HP:0000475): Increased side-to-side width of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Atypical behavior (HP:0000708): Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Anxiety (HP:0000739): Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormal nonverbal communicative behavior (HP:0000758): Abnormalities in eye contact, communicative facial expressions, gesture use, or the use of others' bodies to communicate convey shared meanings within a culture that replace or supplement verbal communication. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Primary amenorrhea (HP:0000786). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hypertension (HP:0000822): The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Secondary amenorrhea (HP:0000869). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hashimoto thyroiditis (HP:0000872): A chronic, autoimmune type of thyroiditis associated with hypothyroidism. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Shield chest (HP:0000914): A broad chest. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Specific learning disability (HP:0001328): Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hepatic steatosis (HP:0001397): Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Obesity (HP:0001513): Accumulation of substantial excess body fat. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Failure to thrive in infancy (HP:0001531). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hypoplastic toenails (HP:0001800): Underdevelopment of the toenail. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Glucose intolerance (HP:0001952): Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Low posterior hairline (HP:0002162): Hair on the neck extends more inferiorly than usual. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- High, narrow palate (HP:0002705): The presence of a high and narrow palate. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Genu valgum (HP:0002857): The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration (HP:0002910): Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Aortic arch aneurysm (HP:0005113): An abnormal localized widening (dilatation) of the aortic arch. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Dermatoglyphic ridges abnormal (HP:0005689). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Enlargement of the distal femoral epiphysis (HP:0006438): An abnormal enlargement of the distal epiphysis of the femur. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Irregular proximal tibial epiphyses (HP:0006456): Anomaly of the contour of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia such that its normally smooth appearance is irregular. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormal dermatoglyphics (HP:0007477): An abnormality of dermatoglyphs (fingerprints), which are present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Neck pterygia (HP:0009759): Pterygia affecting the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short 4th metacarpal (HP:0010044): Short fourth metacarpal bone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Short 5th metacarpal (HP:0010047): Short fifth metacarpal bone. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hypermobility of toe joints (HP:0010510): An ability of the toe joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Frequent (HP:0040282). (ORPHA:99413)
- Horseshoe kidney (HP:0000085): A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Ectopic kidney (HP:0000086): A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormality of the dentition (HP:0000164): Any abnormality of the teeth. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Cystic hygroma (HP:0000476): A cystic lymphatic lesion of the neck. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Ptosis (HP:0000508): The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Myopia (HP:0000545): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects nearby clearly, while objects in the distance appear blurry. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Depression (HP:0000716): Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Pectus excavatum (HP:0000767): A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hyperinsulinemia (HP:0000842): An increased concentration of insulin in the blood. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Atypical scarring of skin (HP:0000987): Atypically scarred skin . Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Melanocytic nevus (HP:0000995): A oval and round, colored (usually medium-to dark brown, reddish brown, or flesh colored) lesion. Typically, a melanocytic nevus is less than 6 mm in diameter, but may be much smaller or larger. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Lymphedema (HP:0001004): Localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Vitiligo (HP:0001045). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Abnormal fingernail morphology (HP:0001231): An abnormality of the fingernails. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hip dysplasia (HP:0001385): The presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hepatic fibrosis (HP:0001395): The presence of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the liver. Fibrosis is a reparative or reactive process. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Alopecia (HP:0001596): A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Atrial septal defect (HP:0001631): Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Bicuspid aortic valve (HP:0001647): The presence of an aortic valve with two instead of the normal three cusps (flaps). Bicuspid aortic valvue is a malformation of a commissure (small space between the attachment of each cusp to the aortic wall) and the adjacent parts of the two corresponding cusps forming a raphe (the fused area of the two underdeveloped cusps turning into a malformed commissure between both cusps; the raphe is a fibrous ridge that extends from the commissure to the free edge of the two underdeveloped, conjoint cusps). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Prolonged QT interval (HP:0001657): Increased time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave as measured by the electrocardiogram (EKG). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Myocardial infarction (HP:0001658): Necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart and often associated with chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and anxiety as well as characteristic EKG findings and elevation of serum markers including creatine kinase-MB fraction and troponin. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Coarctation of aorta (HP:0001680): Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of a segment of the aorta. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Pes planus (HP:0001763): A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)
- Hyperconvex fingernails (HP:0001812): When viewed on end (with the finger tip pointing toward the examiner's eye) the curve of the fingernail forms a tighter curve of convexity. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (ORPHA:99413)